What Is Blood Pressure and How Is It Measured?
Blood pressure is the force your blood exerts against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps it around the body. It is recorded as two numbers, for example, 120/80mmHg. The top number is called systolic pressure and measures the force when your heart beats. The bottom number is called diastolic pressure and measures the force when your heart rests between beats.
Both numbers matter. Together, they give a clearer picture of how hard your heart is working and how healthy your arteries are. The NHS provides guidance on blood pressure readings and what they mean, and recommends that all adults have their blood pressure checked regularly.
What Is a Normal BP Reading in the UK?
Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury, written as mmHg. The table below outlines the standard categories used in the UK to classify blood pressure levels.
| Category | Systolic (top number) | Diastolic (bottom number) | What It Means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ideal / Normal | 90 to 119 mmHg | 60 to 79 mmHg | Healthy range for most adults |
| Pre-hypertension | 120 to 139 mmHg | 80 to 89 mmHg | Higher than ideal, worth monitoring |
| High (Stage 1 Hypertension) | 140 to 159 mmHg | 90 to 99 mmHg | Requires lifestyle changes and medical review |
| High (Stage 2 Hypertension) | 160 mmHg or above | 100 mmHg or above | Needs prompt medical attention |
| Low (Hypotension) | Below 90 mmHg | Below 60 mmHg | Can cause dizziness or fainting; review advised |
It is worth noting that a single reading does not always tell the full story. Blood pressure fluctuates throughout the day depending on activity, stress, caffeine intake, and time of day. Your pharmacist or GP will typically look at a pattern of readings before making any clinical judgement.
What Are the Signs and Causes of High Blood Pressure?
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, often develops gradually and without obvious symptoms. This is why it is sometimes called the silent killer. Common causes include a diet high in salt, being overweight, low physical activity, smoking, excess alcohol, and chronic stress. In some cases, an underlying condition such as kidney disease or a hormonal disorder may be responsible.
Age is also a factor. As we get older, arteries naturally become stiffer, which can lead to higher readings. This is why regular blood pressure checks become increasingly important as you move through your forties and beyond.
Make sure you check our detailed guide on 20 tips to reduce your blood pressure to avoid such issues.
What Are the Symptoms and Causes of Low BP?
Low blood pressure, or hypotension, can cause dizziness, blurred vision, fainting, and general fatigue, particularly when standing up quickly. Common causes include dehydration, prolonged bed rest, certain medications, and some heart conditions. If you regularly feel lightheaded or faint, it is worth having your blood pressure checked at King’s Pharmacy.
How to Lower Blood Pressure Naturally: Lifestyle Tips
For many people, blood pressure can be managed effectively through lifestyle changes. Here are some of the most evidence-based steps you can take:
- ➟Reduce your salt intake. Aim for no more than 6g of salt per day. Cutting back on processed foods is one of the most effective ways to achieve this.
- ➟Exercise regularly. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.
- ➟Maintain a healthy weight. Even a modest reduction in body weight can have a meaningful impact on readings.
- ➟Limit alcohol. Stick within the NHS recommended limit of no more than 14 units per week, spread across several days.
- ➟Stop smoking. Smoking damages blood vessels and significantly raises cardiovascular risk.
- ➟Manage stress. Chronic stress contributes to raised blood pressure. Mindfulness, breathing exercises, and regular relaxation can help.
When Should You Get Your Blood Pressure Checked?
The NHS recommends that adults over 40 have their blood pressure checked at least every five years, and more frequently if previous readings have been elevated. You should also seek a check if you experience frequent headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest discomfort.
At King’s Pharmacy, you do not need an appointment. Our team can take a reading in minutes, explain your numbers clearly, and advise on next steps if anything falls outside the normal range. If we identify a concern, we can refer you to a GP or signpost you to appropriate support.
Get a Blood Pressure Check at King’s Pharmacy Today
Keeping your blood pressure in a healthy range is one of the most important things you can do for your long-term heart health. Regular checks, combined with the right lifestyle choices and professional support, can make a significant difference.
If you would like to have your blood pressure checked or receive advice on managing your cardiovascular health, contact the King’s Pharmacy team today or find out more about our Birmingham blood pressure checkup clinics.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is a normal blood pressure reading for my age?
For most adults, a reading of around 120/80mmHg is considered ideal. As you get older, readings can naturally trend slightly higher. Generally, anything consistently below 140/90mmHg is considered within an acceptable range for adults over 40, though your GP or pharmacist will assess your individual circumstances. If you are unsure about your reading, speak to our team at King’s Pharmacy for a clear explanation.
Can blood pressure change throughout the day?
Yes. Blood pressure naturally rises and falls throughout the day. It tends to be lower in the morning, increases during activity or stress, and drops again during sleep. For an accurate picture, it is best to take readings at a consistent time, in a relaxed state, and on more than one occasion before drawing any conclusions.
Does high blood pressure cause symptoms?
In most cases, high blood pressure does not cause noticeable symptoms, which is why regular checks are so important. Occasionally, very high readings may be associated with headaches, visual disturbances, or shortness of breath, but these are not reliable indicators on their own. The only reliable way to know your blood pressure is to have it measured.
Is low blood pressure dangerous?
Low blood pressure is not always a problem, and some people naturally run on the lower side without any symptoms. However, if it causes dizziness, fainting, or persistent fatigue, it is worth investigating. Common triggers include dehydration, prolonged standing, and certain medications. Our pharmacists can advise and refer you appropriately if you have concerns.
Can I check my blood pressure at King’s Pharmacy without an appointment?
Yes. Blood pressure checks at King’s Pharmacy are available on a walk-in basis. Our trained team will take your reading, explain your results clearly, and advise on next steps if anything is outside the normal range. If further investigation or medication is required, we can refer you to a GP promptly.